*{
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    html{
        scroll-behavior: smooth;
    }
    
    body{
        background: #D5E1E3;
        color: #000;
        width: 100%;
    }

    #header{
        width: 100%;
        height: 100vh;
        background-image: url(images/kushal3.png);
        background-size: cover;
        background-position: center;
        background-position-x: calc(50% + 400px);
        background-attachment: fixed;
    }

    .container{
        padding: 10px 10%;
    }

/* navbar css styles */
    nav {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        align-items: center;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        position: fixed;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        background: #D5E1E3;
        padding-top: 10px;
        padding-bottom: 5px;
        z-index: 1000;
        box-sizing: border-box;
    }
    
    nav ul{
        display: flex;
        justify-content: center;
        align-items: center;   
        margin-left: 350px; 
        margin-right: 100px;
    }

    nav h1 a{
        color: #000;
        text-decoration: none;
        position: relative;
        margin-left: 150px;
    }
    
    nav ul li{
        list-style-type: none;
        display: inline-block;
        margin:10px 20px;
    }
    
    nav ul li a{
        color: #000;
        text-decoration: none;
        font-size: 18px;
        position: relative;
    }
    
    nav ul li a::after{
        content: '';
        width: 0;
        height: 3px;
        background: #000;
        position: absolute;
        left: 0;
        bottom: -6px;
        transition: width .3s;
    }
    
    nav ul li a:hover::after{
        width: 100%;
    }
    
/* header css styles */
    .header-text{
        margin-top: 20%;
        font-size: 30px;
    }
    
    .header-text h1{
        font-size: 50px;
        margin-top: 10px;
        color: #fff;
        font-weight: 700;
    }
    
    @keyframes wave {
        0% {
          transform: rotate(0deg);
        }
        10% {
          transform: rotate(16deg);
        }
        20% {
          transform: rotate(-6deg);
        }
        30% {
          transform: rotate(16deg);
        }
        40% {
          transform: rotate(-4deg);
        }
        50% {
          transform: rotate(16deg);
        }
        60% {
          transform: rotate(0deg);
        }
        100% {
          transform: rotate(0deg);
        }
    }

    .waving-hand {
        animation: wave 2.1s 0.6s infinite;
        transform-origin: 75% 75%;
        display: inline-block;
    }

    .arrow-container {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: center;
        width: 100%;
        margin-top: 14rem;
        margin-bottom: 1rem;
        margin-left: -15rem;
      }
      
      /* Button styling */
      .down-arrow-button {
        background: none;
        border: none;
        color: #000;
        font-size: 2rem;
        cursor: pointer;
        padding: 0.5rem;
        transition: all 0.3s ease;
        animation: bounce 2s infinite;
      }
      
      .down-arrow-button:hover {
        color: #333;
        transform: scale(1.1);
      }
      
      /* Bounce animation */
      @keyframes bounce {
        0%, 20%, 50%, 80%, 100% {
          transform: translateY(0);
        }
        40% {
          transform: translateY(-10px);
        }
        60% {
          transform: translateY(-5px);
        }
      }

/* about css styles */
    #about{
        padding: 80px 0;
        background-color: #222831;
        color: #fff;
        line-height: 1.8;
    }
    
    #about .sub-title {
        color: white; 
    }

    .row{
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }

    .about-col-1{
        flex-basis: 35%;
    }

    .about-col-1 img{
        width: 100%;
        border-radius: 15px;
    }
      
    .about-col-2{
        flex-basis: 60%;
    }

    .sub-title{
        font-size: 50px;
        font-weight: 500;
        color:#000;
    }

    .tab-titles{
        display: flex;
        margin: 20px 0 40px;
    }

    .tab-links{
        margin-right: 50px;
        font-size: 18px;
        font-weight: 500;
        cursor: pointer;
        position: relative;
    }

    .tab-links::after{
        content: '';
        width: 0;
        height: 3px;
        background: #fff;
        position: absolute;
        left: 0;
        bottom: -8px;
        transition:  0.5s;
    }

    .tab-links.active-link::after{
        width: 50%;
    }

    .tab-content p{
        list-style: none;
        margin: 10px 0;
    }

    .tab-content{
        display: none;
    }

    .tab-content.active-tab{
        display: block;
    }

/* project css styles */
    #projects {
        display: flex;
        align-items: flex-start;
        margin-top: 50px;
        margin-bottom: 50px;
    }
        
    #projects .sub-title {
        margin-bottom: 30px;
    }
    
    #projects .container {
        display: flex;
        height: 500px;
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .project-image {
        width: 50%;
        margin-left: -40px;
        margin-top: 85px;
        position: relative;
        background: transparent;
        border-top-right-radius: 30px;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    
    .project-image img {
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        object-fit: cover;
        object-position: center;
        transition: object-position 0.4s ease;
        display: none;
    }
    
    .project-image img.visible {
        display: block;
    }
    
    .project-list {
        width: 75%;
        overflow-y: auto;
        -ms-overflow-style: none;
        scrollbar-width: none;
        margin-left: 40px;
        margin-right: -20px;
    }
    
    .project-list ul {
        list-style: none;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
    }
    
    .project-item {
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }
    
    .project-card {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;          
        padding: 20px;
        box-sizing: border-box;
        background: #fff;
        border-radius: 12px;
        border-left: 4px solid transparent;
        box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
        transition: border-left-color 0.2s ease;
        min-height: 100px;         
      }

      .card-content {
        flex: 1;
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        justify-content: space-between;
        height: 100px;
      }
      
      .card-arrow {
        margin-left: 16px;  
        font-size: 1.4rem;
        color: #007bff;
        flex-shrink: 0;
      }
    
    .project-item:hover .project-card {
        border-left-color: #007bff;
    }
    
    .project-header {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        align-items: center;
    }

    .project-name {
        font-size: 1.25rem;
        font-weight: 600;
    }

    .project-type {
        font-size: 0.9rem;
        color: #555;
        margin-right: -40px;
    }
    
    .project-desc {
        font-size: 0.9rem;
        color: #333;
        margin-top: 10px;
        margin-bottom: -10px;
    }

    .tech-stack {
        display: flex;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        gap: 6px;
        margin-top: -20px;
    }

    .tech {
        background: #e1e1e1;
        border-radius: 20px;
        padding: 4px 12px;
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        color: #333;
    }
     
/* certifications css styles */
    #certifications {
        width: 100%;
        background: #222831;
        padding: 20px 0;
    }

    #certifications .sub-title {
        color: white; 
        padding-bottom: 20px;
    }

    .certification-list {
        display: flex;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        justify-content: space-around;
    }

    .certification-item {
        position: relative;
        width: 30%;
        margin: 15px 0;
        overflow: hidden;
        border-radius: 10px;
        box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
        transition: transform 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s;
    }

    .certification-item:hover {
        transform: scale(1.05);
        box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    }

    .certification-item img {
        width: 100%;
        height: auto;
        display: block;
        border-radius: 10px;
        transition: filter 0.3s ease;
    }

    .certification-item a {
        display: block;
        border-radius: 10px;
        overflow: hidden;
        position: relative;
        z-index: 1; 
    }

    .certification-item a img {
        display: block;
        width: 100%;
        height: auto;
        transition: transform 0.3s ease, filter 0.3s ease;
    }

    .certification-item:hover a img {
        transform: scale(1.05);
        filter: blur(5px);
    }

    .certification-description {
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        display: flex;
        justify-content: center;
        align-items: center;
        background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
        color: #fff;
        font-size: 18px;
        opacity: 0;
        transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
        text-align: center;
        padding: 10px;
        box-sizing: border-box;
        border-radius: 10px;
        z-index: 2;
        pointer-events: none;
    }

    .certification-item:hover .certification-description {
        opacity: 1;
    }

     /* ---- Engagement styles---- */
     #engagement {
        padding: 50px 0;
    }

    #engagement .sub-title {
        text-align: center;
        margin-bottom: 30px;
    }

    .engagement-list {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
        gap: 40px;
    }

    .engagement-item {
        background: #fff;
        padding: 20px;
        border-radius: 12px;
        box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
        transition: box-shadow 0.3s;
    }

    .engagement-item:hover {
        box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
    }

    .engagement-inner {
        display: flex;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .engagement-icon {
        font-size: 2rem;
        margin-right: 12px;
        color: #3b82f6; 
        flex-shrink: 0;
    }

    .engagement-title {
        margin: 0 0 6px;
        font-size: 1.1rem;
        font-weight: 600;
        color: #1e293b;
    }

    .engagement-desc {
        margin: 0;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
        color: #555;
    }

    .engagement-list .engagement-item:nth-child(1) .engagement-icon { color: #f59e0b; }
    .engagement-list .engagement-item:nth-child(2) .engagement-icon { color: #0ea5e9; }
    .engagement-list .engagement-item:nth-child(3) .engagement-icon { color: #10b981; }
    .engagement-list .engagement-item:nth-child(4) .engagement-icon { color: #8b5cf6; }
    .engagement-list .engagement-item:nth-child(5) .engagement-icon { color: #f43f5e; }
    .engagement-list .engagement-item:nth-child(6) .engagement-icon { color: #14b8a6; }
    .engagement-list .engagement-item:nth-child(7) .engagement-icon { color: #6366f1; }
    .engagement-list .engagement-item:nth-child(8) .engagement-icon { color: #d97706; }

/* contact css styles */
    #contact{
        background-color: #222831;
        color: #fff;
        padding-top: 20px;
        width: 100%;
        padding-bottom: 50px;
    }

    #contact .sub-title {
        color: white; 
    }

    .contact-left{
        flex-basis: 35%;
    }

    .contact-right{
        flex-basis: 60%;
    }

    .contact-left p{
        margin-top: 30px;
    }

    .social-icons{
        margin-top: 30px;
    }

    .social-icons a{
        text-decoration: none;
        font-size: 30px;
        margin-right: 15px;
        color:#ababab;
        display: inline-block;
        transition: transform 0.5s;
    }

    .social-icons a:hover{
        color: #000;
        transform:translateY(-5px);
    }

    .btn{
        display: block;
        margin: 50px auto;
        width: fit-content;
        border: 2px solid #000;
        padding: 14px 50px;
        border-radius: 6px;
        text-decoration: none;
        background-color: #fff; 
        color: #000;
        transition: background 0.5s;
    }

    .btn:hover{
        background: #000;
        color: #fff;
    }

    .btn.btn2{
        display:inline-block;

    }

    .contact-right form{
        width: 100%;
    }

    form input, form textarea{
        width: 100%;
        border:0;
        outline: none;
        background: #fff;
        padding:15px;
        margin: 15px 0;
        color: #000;
        font-size: 18px;
        border-radius: 6px;
    }

    form .btn2 {
        padding-top: 15px; 
        font-size: 18px;
        cursor: pointer;
        position: relative; 
        top: -40px;
    }

    #msg{
        color: #fff;
        margin-top: -60px;
        display: block;
    }

    /* Footer */
    #footer {
        background: #222831; 
        color: #fff;
        text-align: center;
        padding: 2rem 1rem;
    }
    .footer-container {
        max-width: 1200px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }
    .footer-built {
        margin: 0;
        font-size: 1rem;
        color: #cbd5e1;  
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
    }
    .footer-heart {
        color: #f87171;   
        margin: 0 0.25rem;
    }
    .footer-copy {
        margin: 0.5rem 0 0;
        font-size: 0.875rem;
        color: #94a3b8;  
    }

/* project css styles */
    .intro-text {
        font-size: 100px; 
        color: #222831; 
        text-align: center;
        z-index: 1; 
        position: relative;
    }

    .intro-text-AWS {
        font-size: 80px; 
        color: #fff; 
        text-align: center;
        z-index: 1; 
        position: relative;
    }

    .project-1-intro {
        width: 100%;
        height: 100vh;
        background-image: url('images/project1-1.png');
        background-size: cover;
        background-position: center;
        background-attachment: fixed;
    }

    .project-2-intro {
        position: relative;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100vh;
        display: flex;
        justify-content: center;
        align-items: center;
        overflow: hidden; 
    }
    
    .project-2-intro::before {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        background-image: url('images/project2-2.jpg');
        background-size: 50% auto;
        background-position: center;
        background-attachment: fixed;
        filter: blur(2px);
        z-index: -1;
    }

    .project-3-intro {
        position: relative;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100vh;
        display: flex;
        justify-content: center;
        align-items: center;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    
    .project-3-intro::before {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        background-image: url('images/project3-1.jpg');
        background-size: 50% auto;
        background-position: center;
        background-attachment: fixed;
        filter: blur(2px);
        z-index: -1;
    }

    .project-4-intro {
        position: relative;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100vh;
        display: flex;
        justify-content: center;
        align-items: center;
        overflow: hidden; 
    }
    
    .project-4-intro::before {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        background-image: url('images/project4-2.jpg');
        background-size: 50% auto;
        background-position: center;
        background-attachment: fixed;
        filter: blur(2px); 
        z-index: -1; 
    }

    .project-5-intro {
        position: relative;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100vh;
        display: flex;
        justify-content: center;
        align-items: center;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    
    .project-5-intro::before {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        background-image: url('images/project5-1.jpg');
        background-size: 50% auto;
        background-position: center;
        background-attachment: fixed;
        filter: blur(2px); 
        z-index: -1; 
    }

    .project-6-intro {
        position: relative;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100vh;
        display: flex;
        justify-content: center;
        align-items: center;
        overflow: hidden; 
    }
    
    .project-6-intro::before {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        background-image: url('images/project6-1.png');
        background-size: 50% auto; 
        background-position: center;
        background-attachment: fixed;
        filter: blur(2px); 
        z-index: -1;
    }


    .project-7-intro {
        position: relative;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100vh;
        display: flex;
        justify-content: center;
        align-items: center;
        overflow: hidden; 
    }
    
    .project-7-intro::before {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        background-image: url('images/project7-1.png');
        background-size: 50% auto; 
        background-position: center;
        background-attachment: fixed;
        filter: blur(2px); 
        z-index: -1; 
    }
    
    .project-description-block {
        background: #222831;
        color: #fff;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .project-description {
        text-align: center;
        padding: 20px;
        max-width: 650px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }

    .project-description h1 {
        margin-top: 60px;
        margin-bottom: 50px;
        font-size: 40px;
    }

    .project-description p {
        line-height: 2;
        font-size: 18px; 
    }

    .github-link{
        display: inline-flex; 
        align-items: center; 
        justify-content: center; 
        margin-top: 30px; 
        padding: 10px 20px; 
        background-color: #fff;
        color: #222831; 
        text-decoration: none;
        border-radius: 5px;
        font-size: 16px;
        width: 200px;
        height: 50px;
        margin-top: 50px;
        margin-bottom: 20px;
    }

    .github-link:hover {
        background-color: #222831;
        color: #fff;
    }

    .project-overview {
        line-height: 2;
        font-size: 18px;
        align-items: center;
        margin-top: 50px;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .project-overview h1 {
        text-align: center;
        margin-top: 30px;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }

    .project-overview ul{
        text-align: center;
        list-style-type: none;
    }

    .project-example {
        line-height: 2;
        font-size: 18px;
        align-items: center;
        margin-top: 50px;
        width: 100%;
        margin-bottom: 50px;
        background-color: #222831;
        color: white;
        margin-bottom: -20px;
    }

    .project-example h1{
        text-align: center;
        margin-top: 30px;
        margin-bottom: 20px;
    }

    .tech-item {
        display: inline-flex; 
        align-items: center; 
        justify-content: center; 
        margin-left: 15px;
        margin-right: 15px;
        margin-bottom: 15px;
        background-color: #222831;
        color: #fff;
        padding: 15px 40px;
        border-radius: 5px;
        text-decoration: none;
        font-size: 16px;
        width: 215x;
        height: 50px;
    }
    
    .tech-item:hover {
        background-color: #fff;
        color: #000;
    }

    .tech-stack{
        text-align: center;
        margin-top: 30px;
        margin-bottom: 30px;
    }

    .para-use-case{
        text-align: left;
    }
        
    /* css for small screen */
    nav .fas{
        display: none;
    }

    @media only screen and (max-width: 600px){

        /* css for nav bar for small screen */
        #header{
            background-image: url(images/kushal-mobile2.png);
            background-size: cover;
            background-position: center;
            background-position-x: calc(50% + 0px);
        }

        .header-text{
            margin-top: 60%;
            font-size: 16px;
        }

        nav h1 a{
            font-size: 24px;
            margin-left: 10px;
       
        }

        .header-text h1{
            font-size: 24px;
        }

        nav .fas {
            display: block;
            font-size: 25px;
        }
    
        nav ul {
            position: fixed;
            width: 200px;
            height: 100vh;
            background: #fff;
            top: 0;
            text-align: center;
            transition: all .5s;
            z-index: 1000;
            flex-direction: column;
            justify-content: center;
        }
    
        nav ul .fas {
            position: absolute;
            top: 25px;
            left: 25px;
            right:10px;
            cursor: pointer;
            margin-right: 10px;
        }
    
        nav ul li {
            display: block;
            margin: 30px 0;
        }

        nav .fa-bars {
            position: absolute;
            right:10px;
            cursor: pointer;
            margin-right: 10px;
        }
        
    
        nav ul li a {
            font-size: 20px;
        }

        /* css for project for small screen */
        #projects {
            flex-direction: column;
            align-items: flex-start;
        }
    
        #projects .container {
            flex-direction: column;
        }
    
        .project-list {
            width: 100%;
            margin-left: 0;
        }
    
        .project-list ul li {
            flex-direction: column;
            align-items: flex-start;
        }
    
        .project-details {
            flex-direction: column;
            align-items: flex-start;
            font-weight: bold;
        }
    
        .project-name {
            text-align: left;
            flex: none;
            width: 100%;
        }

        .project-type{
            display: none;
        }
    
        .project-image {
            display: none;
        }

        .project-1-intro, .project-2-intro, .project-3-intro, .project-4-intro, .project-5-intro, .project-6-intro, .project-7-intro {
            display: none;

        }

        .certification-item {
            width: 100%;
        }
    
        .sub-title{
            font-size: 40px;
        }
    
        .about-col-1,.about-col-2{
            flex-basis: 100%;
        }
    
        .about-col-1{
            margin-bottom: 30px;
        }
    
        .about-col-2{
         font-size: 16px;
        }
    
        .tab-links{
            font-size: 18px;
        }
    
        .contact-left,.contact-right{
            flex-basis: 100%;
        }
    }